15,511 published decisions in the corpus sit in Payment protection insurance (PPI) for 2018. 44.2% of those decisions were upheld, which makes this a strong public cross-section for understanding how one product behaved in one specific year.

Bank of Scotland Plc is the most visible firm inside this year-product slice, with 2,902 published decisions.

Bank of Scotland Plc, Lloyds Bank PLC, Financial Insurance Company Limited, and others are the firms most often associated with Payment protection insurance (PPI) complaints in 2018. This gives a much tighter public view than the standalone year or product pages alone.

affordability assessment failure, delay in claim handling, communication failure, and others are the strongest complaint-theme signals in this year-product combination.

The advisory layer for Payment protection insurance (PPI) points to recurring handling implications here, including review consumer credit act 1974 precedent (appears in 5.2% of cases), review disp precedent (appears in 5.1% of cases), review icobs precedent (appears in 4.6% of cases), and others.

There is no strong “what loses” signal exposed for this product at the current advisory granularity.